Politics of Monarchical Survival in Term Paper

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The survival of Jordanian monarchy is determined by its capability to capture power and regulate over the political process, its efficacy in stabilising the negative forces of trans-national ideologies on the domestic arena between the early 1950s and the early 1970s coupled with the coming out of a feeling of loyalty to the state and nationhood etc. (Salloukh, 1996)

King Hussein is magnanimous than the Jordan itself. The great talent of Hussein was his diplomacy in dealing with the people that are antagonistic to one another mercilessly and fundamentally that he approved wholly with them. Normally, the people were never aware of the impossibility of the agreement due to his effectiveness in dealing. The diplomacy is not normally related to integrity but in case of Hussein it was not true. (Foster, 1999) the efforts of King Hussein in prevailing peace in the region were internationally acclaimed. (Aquino, 2002) the stability in the Jordanian monarchy has raised great interest of United States and Israel, and was not ready to witness the fate of Jordanian monarchy in line with that of Libya and Yemen. Thus the diplomacy of United States is also played a crucial role in its survival. (the Myth of Monarchy in the Arab World)

It is an agreeable fact that in a country without normal natural resources, against a considerable population antagonistic towards the dynasty blamed for their prevailing quandary that a highly vulnerable untried and very young man succeeded to a throne that he proceeded to occupy for almost fifty years. (the Myth of Monarchy in the Arab World) With the sad demise of King Hussein in February, 1999, his eldest son Abdullah succeeded him. (Aquino, 2002) His Majesty Kind Abdullah II assumed as the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and his half brother, Prince Hamzah became the Crown Prince. (Jordan. UK trade and Investment) His new Cabinet became victorious in the Parliamentary vote of confidence having a lead of 66-12, considered to be the record lead. However, the prospects of the regime of Abdullah are considered to depend greatly on the personalities around him, the team that he assembles to lead. This factor is considered distinguishable. (Clarke, 1999)

Morocco

In Africa, the Royal Family of Morocco, the King Hassan II, is considered to be the most successful. He was acclaimed for prevailing unity in Morocco and working in pursuit of peace in the Middle East. King Mohammad VI presently reigning is his son. (Allman, 1974) the institution of monarchy in its present form and that is existed in the present Arab world with the partial exception of its expression in Morocco do not anticipate the twentieth century. In Morocco it has varied its functions very significantly in order to make it adaptable to the modern nation state, depicting the necessity of essential factors. (the Myth of Monarchy in the Arab World)

The Moroccan monarchy in the 20th century is an illustration of the 'reinvention of tradition'. It has a perfect shurafa' ancestry which traces its origin to the 'Alawis/Filalis through the Marnis, Wattasis, and Sa'dis to the first Islamic dynasty of Morocco, the Idrisis. The Kingship was considered to be divine and the tile of King more appropriately, Amir al-Mu'minin, was recognized and respected as the descendants of the prophet - sada, ashraf - even though that honor is more widely spread and acknowledged in the whole Muslim world than the external world is aware. Viewing in this direction the survival of the dynasty is considered to be an accident particularly when compared with the Tunisian case particularly irrespective of the fact that the Husayni generation was not considered so illustrious or long-established and had no religious sanction, the monarchy dating from 1705 was no match for the charismatic leader of independence movement, Habib Bourguiba and suffered from a permanent end in 1957. (the Myth of Monarchy in the Arab World)

As the sultanate could rarely distinguish it diplomatically, morally or politically, ever since it's first acquaintances with the colonial powers in the nineteenth century, it has the probability of 'Allal al-Fassi and the Istiqlal Party being played a very similar role in Morocco. Confronted with more or less 'conventional' national movement mustering strength in the 1930s and 1940s and continuing up to the post-Second World War periods the French were then either imprudent enough or perhaps shrewd enough to exile Muhammad V to Madagascar in 1953. In consequence of this the shouting of national movement resulted in return of Sultan from the exile and became the ruler in the post-independence period.

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Had Allal al-Fassi in 1940 not gone to Cairo in the late 1940s had never been the President of the republic that he may have envisaged or even became the prime Minster of a constitutional monarchy. (the Myth of Monarchy in the Arab World)

As Muhammad V had exerted profound influence in the nationalist movement he was identified as the ideal of the just ruler. Even though the Moroccan monarchy is capable of utilizing its moral and spiritual capital to obtain the public support at various period in the past, the steady transition of the remote and vague, up to an extent, figure of Muhammad V to a national hero cum charismatic leader favored by the notations of 'Islamic legitimacy' is quite significant, particularly when the Bonaparte inclinations seems to be in vogue in any other part of Muslim World at a moment when Muhammad V died in 1961 leaving behind his reputations. (the Myth of Monarchy in the Arab World) in 1961, King Mohamed V was succeeded by Crown Prince Hassan II those presented a new constitution. In 1963 the first elected parliament met in the assembly. The Green March that took place in 1975 was considered to be the most important event in the Reign of Late Hassan II. (History of Morocco)

King Hassan II hailing from the dynasty that reigned Morocco over three centuries reformed his country from an illiterate and backward land to a modern twentieth century nation. He ensured inclination of people towards age-old traditions and past glory. During the last couple of decades irrespective of the war, the great efforts have been made in developing the nation. The present day per capita Gross National Product of the country is estimated to be the $1,100, which is four times more than at the time of independence. Improvement in education in the country has been extended through construction of the schools in all levels through out the country. At the time of independence about 90% of the populations were illiterate. Presently, about 50% of the people are literate considered to be a significant improvement but not exaggerated when compared to other Arab countries. (King Hassan II - creator of modern Morocco)

The accomplishment of the practical equality for women is considered as one of the greatest achievements of the King. His task became easier to some extent by the uninterrupted national sovereignty of the country maintained since the ninth century. This made the revolutionary enthusiasm that carried away several Arab governments unpleasant to many of his subjects. According to the people of Morocco, the King extends the continuity, legitimacy and progress of the nation. With high political capabilities he succeeded in using these ancient instruments to his advantage strongly controlling the government and striking with and iron hand the challenges of his internal enemies. (King Hassan II - creator of modern Morocco)

In respect of international affairs also he has been successful. In the Cold War periods he succeeded in tactfully attaining aid from the West without alienating the East. He did not afford to hurt his western supporters France and the U.S.A. Having a normal spiritual hold over his people that command both respect and terror during his tenure he is capable of effectively leading the nation. Irrespective of the fact that the much of the resources of the nation have been wasted away in struggling Polisario that was battling for an independent Saharan nation, the Moroccans supported the country blindly. (King Hassan II - creator of modern Morocco)

As is with most of the developing nations, Morocco was never been a one-party state. As the Algeria and many other Arab states adopted the Soviet style of central planning, King Hassan opted for a market economy. Since inception he maintained close relationship with the West and making the Morocco distinguishable in northern Africa, where the Soviet influence is considerable. He also was in favor of peace between the Arab States and Israel effecting secret diplomatic propositions in the early 1970s, when must of the Arab countries were striving to recover from the 1967 war. A new Constitution in 1996 provided for an elected lower house of Parliament for the first time. However, the ultimate authority was vested with the King with the powers to dismiss individual Cabinet ministers or entire Governments, to dissolve Parliament to veto legislation and to rule by decree. (Burns, 1999)

He chairs at the Cabinet meetings and deploys all senior….....

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