The Local State and Federal Levels of Disaster Management Essay

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At its simplest and most succinct, the mission of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, 2018a) is “helping people before, during, and after emergencies,” (p. 1). To fulfill this mission, FEMA engages in a variety of related actions including strategic planning, intelligence gathering, communication, and coordination. FEMA conducts risk assessments, helps communities build resilience, and helps to protect or recovery essential services. FEMA (2018b) also outlines its five core mission areas, which include prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. FEMA remains active at each of these stages of emergency management and does not discriminate against any one type of emergency, playing as integral a role in natural disaster management as in technological, cyber, and terrorist-related incidents.

Prevention involves strategic planning, information gathering, intelligence sharing, threat detection, and any other activity that would involve stopping a problem before it manifests. Protection is a phase during which a disaster may be unpreventable, but yet still early enough to offer effective public information related to evacuation, interdiction, and physical protection from known threats. Disaster mitigation refers to the minimization of loss or damage, which is why building community resilience in both short and long terms is central to FEMA’s (2018b) mission. The response phase involves ongoing assessments and resource coordination to respond to situational needs, which could entail mobilizing local police forces, offering critical communication or transportation services, conducting search and rescue, or providing for public health and safety needs (FEMA, 2018b).

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Finally, recovery refers to social/humanitarian as well as economic and infrastructural needs. Because the FEMA mission is complex and all encompassing, it is sufficient for handling a large nation’s emergency management operations. More importantly, FEMA recognizes the need for states to remain full partners in disaster prevention, mitigation, management, and recovery.

States play an integral role in the disaster management process as it is overseen by FEMA. In many ways, states serve as liaisons between local stakeholders and FEMA. Local governments cannot directly access federal funds, programs, or resources—they must go through the appropriate state government channels first (FEMA, n.d.). While the middleman role may seem unnecessarily cumbersome, bureaucratic, and perhaps time consuming in the midst of a crisis, it is in fact the most efficient disaster management system possible. The methods by which local governments ask for and receive what they need have been largely predetermined through the systematic planning and preparation that has already taken place with….....

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References

FEMA (n.d.). Disaster sequence of events. https://training.fema.gov/emiweb/downloads/is208sdmunit3.pdf

FEMA (2018a). About the agency. https://www.fema.gov/about-agency

FEMA (2018b). Mission areas. https://www.fema.gov/mission-areas

United States Department of Homeland Security (2013). National response framework. https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1914-25045-1246/final_national_response_framework_20130501.pdf

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