Human Factors Affecting Safe Operation Multiple Chapters

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To define the safety objectives of the UAV, it is essential to evaluate the current level of safety necessary for the human-piloted aircrafts. While manned pilot aircrafts consider the safety of the pilots and the people on board to be important, however, the safety of the UAV is considered relatively to the hazard that that it will cost to the community. Thus, the intervention of human related aviation safety is still critical to enhance overall safety of the UAV. Although, the UAV accidents may lead to the zero loss of pilot's life, nevertheless, the financial investments that the governments or private organizations provide for the development of the UAV is huge, and the implementation of maximum safety to realize the objective of UAV is very essential. The human related aviation safety is still essential.

The thesis investigates selected human factors affecting safe operation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter one provides the introduction of the thesis which reveals the research objective, the research questions and the hypotheses that the thesis attempts to test to answer the research questions.

Chapter two provides the review of the previous literatures to enhance greater understanding on what other scholars have written on the subject. The review of the literatures is important to enhance the knowledge of the researcher on the human factors affecting the safe operation of UAV. Importance of literature review could not be overlooked in this research because the review of literatures is connected to the research already done to reveal overall research relevance and purpose. With the review of the literatures, the research has been able to explore the literatures relevant to the project.

Chapter 3 reveals the methodology use for data collection, data analysis and research findings. The quantitative technique is used for data collection, data analysis, and findings. The study employs quantitative method for data collection because it assists the researcher to collect and analyze data with overall simplicity.

Chapter four provides the findings of the thesis. Although, the findings has supported that the Undergraduate Pilot Training is not the critical attributes for all safe UAV pilots, however, the researcher still think that the skills and knowledge of pilots is important in UAV safe operations. A UAV pilot is responsible for the overall manoeuvring of the UAV. Understanding of the overall UAV mechanics could enhance safety of the UAV because the pilot will be in charge of aircraft manoeuvring from the take-off to the landing. The most important aspect of the first hypothesis is the possession of computer skills by the UAV pilots. In an aviation operation, computer technology has become the essential tool that enhances safety operations. With reference to UAV, computer automation is very important because it is an essential tool for the effectiveness of UAV operations. Thus, research is able to agree with findings because the possession of computer skills is critical for UAV operation. Automated computer tool used to direct all the UAV operations required a person that should possess computer skill to run UAV successfully.

Based on the findings, the thesis provides several contributions. First, the thesis enhances greater understanding of the government on the safety procedures for the UAV. Since the equal proportion of the accidents in the manned aircrafts also occurs on the UAV, the findings of the thesis will enhance greater understanding of the aviation authority on the level of human related safety procedures that needs to be implemented for the UAV.

Moreover, the findings also enhance greater understanding of the pilots on the human related safety procedures that needs to be undertaking for the UAV safety. The findings have revealed that possession of computer skills is the critical attributes that needs to enhance UAV safety. Although, there are 80% of the respondents who possess computer skills, the findings will enhance grater understandings of remaining 20% and the public on the importance of computer skills for the aviation safety. Typically, computer technology is very critical for UAV aviation safety. Since the overall objectives of the UAV are to eliminate the loss of pilots' life being experienced in the manned aircraft, computer technology is very important in the overall control of the UAV. Thus, automated computer is required to enhance the safety of the UAV.

The findings of the thesis will also inspire aviation authority to identify other aspects of human-related factors that could enhance UAV safety. For example, the UAV pilots still needs to have comprehensive knowledge on the UAV mechanics to enhance overall UAV safety.

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Having comprehensive understanding of the internal and external operation of the UAV will make the pilots to understand the critical stage that UAV could develop faults during the operations. Understanding the system will enhance safety of the UAV. With the identification of human-related problems that could jeopardize UAV safety, the paper provides recommendations for future research to enhance UAV safety operations.

Chapter VII: RECOMMENDATIONS

To enhance comprehensive research findings that would integrate diverse opinion of different experts, there is a need to include non-pilots in the survey. Typically, all the survey questions are only distributed to the pilots and the research findings are only based on the opinion of the pilots. Since the research is human-related factors on safe operation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, there is a need to include non-pilots in the research. To enhance the improvement the research findings, other aviation personnel such as aeronautical engineers, experts in the aviation, and aviation industry top management needs to contribute to the survey. By allowing non-pilots to participate in the survey, the researcher will be able to provide findings that will integrate diverse contributions from different experts. By comparing the survey results of different experts for the aviation safety, the study will provide well-documented findings that will enhance UAV safety.

Moreover, there is a need for further researcher on how the UAV pilots could improve their knowledge to improve UAV safety. From the findings, it is revealed that UAV does not need to have 3 years of experience to enhance aviation safety. However, there is documented evidence that the number of UAV accidents that occur yearly is similar to the accidents that occur during the manned aircraft operations. The study suggests that the UAV pilots needs to go for special training on how to manoeuvre the remote automated computer for the UAV operation. With the improvement in the computer technology, it is possible to operate sophisticated UAV remotely with the aid of automated computer. Typically, flight operation of UAV is similar to the method pilots of manned aircraft operate the aircrafts. The only difference is that pilots of manned aircraft are inside the aircrafts while the pilots of the unmanned aircrafts are not in the aircrafts and the aircrafts are being controlled remotely. To enhance the safety operations of UAV, the pilots need to go for special training on UAV piloting. Although, operations of the manned aircrafts and the UAV could be similar, however, there is still a need for thorough understanding of UAV operations before a pilot could be allowed to operate the UAV.

Moreover, the study suggests that pilots should have some years of experience as pilots before being allowed to operate UAV because having years of experience as pilots will enhance safety operation of the UAV. For example, a UAV accident occurred at Arizona near Nogales in 2006. Upon investigating the cause of the accident, it was revealed that there was no clear plan to mitigate the accidents. One of the causes of the accidents was the operator did not have detailed knowledge of the spare parts that could be used to resolve the problems. Typically, the operators should be able to quickly identify the fault to assist the engineers to promptly respond to any failure that could have arisen. Thus, the UAV pilots needs to have undergone conventional method of aviation training to operate UAV successful. In addition, a UAV pilot needs to undergo training in the advanced UAV to assist the pilot to evaluate the UAV performances during operation. The pilot technical knowledge will assist the pilots to evaluate the system performance and this will help the pilots to responds promptly in case of system failures. Having competent knowledge of a UAV will enhance its safety operations.

The study also recommends that there is a need to implement federal regulations to monitor the operation of the UAV. Research conducted by the Weibel & Hansman (2005) shows that there is lack of federal and international regulations governing the UAV operations. In the recent years, there is significant growth of the civil and commercial application of UAV. Typically, there is a need for the United States to define the procedures that civil and commercial operators of UAV should follow to enhance UAV safety operations.

Moreover, there is a need for further research on the UAV risk assessment to justify the UAV operations. Although, questions related to the UAV risk assessment are not included in the survey, however, justification of the….....

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